Linux的基本命令的演示

1.在 root 用户的家目录下创建两个目录分别为 haha 和 hehe，复制 hehe 目录到 haha 目录并重命名为 apple。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -vp haha hehe mkdir: 已创建目录 'haha' mkdir: 已创建目录 'hehe' [root@localhost ~]# cp -r hehe haha [root@localhost ~]# ls haha hehe [root@localhost ~]# mv haha apple [root@localhost ~]# ls apple hehe

2.将 hehe 目录移动到 apple 目录下，在 haha 目录下创建一个普通文件为 heihei.txt。

[root@localhost ~]# mv haha apple [root@localhost ~]# tree apple apple └── hehe [root@localhost ~]# touch haha/heihei.txt [root@localhost ~]# tree haha haha └── heihei.txt

3.在终端中显示当前系统时间，时间格式为月日时；

[root@localhost ~]# date "+%m %d %H" 06 07 22

4.将上述显示的时间保存在文件 A.txt 中；

[root@localhost ~]# date "+%m %d %H" > A.txt [root@localhost ~]# cat A.txt 06 07 22

5.用户配置/etc/passwd文件将 3，4 字段分别截取出来写入文件 UID 和文件 GID；

[root@localhost ~]# cut -d ":" -f 3 /etc/passwd > UID [root@localhost ~]# cat UID 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 14 65534 81 999 998 59 70 997 114 172 996 995 994 991 990 989 988 987 986 985 984 42 983 74 982 981 72 1000 1001 1005 2027 [root@localhost ~]# cut -d ":" -f 4 /etc/passwd > GID [root@localhost ~]# cat GID 0 1 2 4 7 0 0 0 12 0 100 50 65534 81 999 998 59 70 996 114 172 994 993 992 991 990 989 988 986 985 984 983 42 982 74 981 980 72 1000 1001 1005 2027

6、将/etc/passwd中内容按照冒号隔开的第三个字符从大到小排序后输出所有内容；

[root@localhost ~]# cut -d ":" -f 3 /etc/passwd |sort -nr 65534 2027 1005 1001 1000 999 998 997 996 995 994 991 990 989 988 987 986 985 984 983 982 981 172 114 81 74 72 70 59 42 14 12 11 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

7、列出/etc/passwd中的第20行-25行内容；

[root@localhost ~]# head -30 /etc/passwd |tail -6 gnome-remote-desktop:x:991:991:GNOME Remote Desktop:/var/lib/gnome-remote-desktop:/usr/sbin/nologin libstoragemgmt:x:990:990:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/:/usr/sbin/nologin pipewire:x:989:989:PipeWire System Daemon:/run/pipewire:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-coredump:x:988:988:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/sbin/nologin wsdd:x:987:986:Web Services Dynamic Discovery host daemon:/:/sbin/nologin colord:x:986:985:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

8、切割出你的ip地址和mac地址；

[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep ff:ff:ff:ff:ff$ |tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 3 00:0c:29:11:49:8d [root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep ens160$ | tr -s " " | cut -d " " -f 3 192.168.174.128/24

9、通过:切割出/etc/passwd中的最后一个字段并进行重复内容的重复次数统计;

[root@localhost ~]# cut -d ":" -f 6 /etc/passwd | uniq -c | sort -n 1 / 1 / 1 / 1 /bin 1 /home/redhat 1 /home/user1 1 /home/user10 1 /home/user5 1 /root 1 /root 1 /run/gnome-initial-setup/ 1 /run/pipewire 1 /run/sssd/ 1 /sbin 1 /usr/games 1 /usr/share/empty.sshd 1 /var/adm 1 /var/cache/clevis 1 /var/ftp 1 /var/lib/chrony 1 /var/lib/colord 1 /var/lib/dnsmasq 1 /var/lib/gdm 1 /var/lib/geoclue 1 /var/lib/gnome-remote-desktop 1 /var/lib/setroubleshoot 1 /var/lib/yggdrasil 1 /var/run/avahi-daemon 1 /var/spool/lpd 1 /var/spool/mail 2 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 3 /sbin

10、查找/var所有的日志文件(*.1og)备份在自定义的日志目录/1ogfi1le下。

[root@localhost ~]# find /var -name "*.log" -exec cp -a {} /logfille \; [root@localhost ~]# ls /logfille anaconda.log lorax-packages.log tuned-ppd.log vmware-network.9.log audit.log lvm.log vmware-network.1.log vmware-network.log boot.log packaging.log vmware-network.2.log vmware-vmsvc-root.log dbus.log program.log vmware-network.3.log vmware-vmtoolsd-redhat.log dnf.librepo.log rhsmcertd.log vmware-network.4.log vmware-vmtoolsd-root.log dnf.log rhsm.log vmware-network.5.log vmware-vmtoolsd-user1.log dnf.rpm.log sssd_kcm.log vmware-network.6.log vmware-vmusr-redhat.log hawkey.log storage.log vmware-network.7.log vmware-vmusr-root.log journal.log tuned.log vmware-network.8.log vmware-vmusr-user1.log

11、将备份好的所有日志文件进行压缩格式为.gz 包名为al1_1og_backup.tar.gz。

[root@localhost ~]# gzip -r /logfille [root@localhost ~]# ls /logfille anaconda.log.gz lorax-packages.log.gz tuned-ppd.log.gz vmware-network.9.log.gz audit.log.gz lvm.log.gz vmware-network.1.log.gz vmware-network.log.gz boot.log.gz packaging.log.gz vmware-network.2.log.gz vmware-vmsvc-root.log.gz dbus.log.gz program.log.gz vmware-network.3.log.gz vmware-vmtoolsd-redhat.log.gz dnf.librepo.log.gz rhsmcertd.log.gz vmware-network.4.log.gz vmware-vmtoolsd-root.log.gz dnf.log.gz rhsm.log.gz vmware-network.5.log.gz vmware-vmtoolsd-user1.log.gz dnf.rpm.log.gz sssd_kcm.log.gz vmware-network.6.log.gz vmware-vmusr-redhat.log.gz hawkey.log.gz storage.log.gz vmware-network.7.log.gz vmware-vmusr-root.log.gz journal.log.gz tuned.log.gz vmware-network.8.log.gz vmware-vmusr-user1.log.gz [root@localhost ~]# cd / [root@localhost /]# cd /logfille [root@localhost logfille]# tar -cf all_log_backup.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# ls 公共 视频 文档 音乐 a1 a2 aa all_log_backup.tar.gz apple GID niu.text W.tar.bz2 模板 图片 下载 桌面 a1.gz a2.gz aaa.zip anaconda-ks.cfg A.txt haha UID [root@localhost ~]# tar tf all_log_backup.tar.gz logfille/ logfille/audit.log.gz logfille/sssd_kcm.log.gz logfille/rhsmcertd.log.gz logfille/rhsm.log.gz logfille/tuned.log.gz logfille/tuned-ppd.log.gz logfille/anaconda.log.gz logfille/program.log.gz logfille/packaging.log.gz logfille/storage.log.gz logfille/lvm.log.gz logfille/dnf.librepo.log.gz logfille/hawkey.log.gz logfille/dbus.log.gz logfille/lorax-packages.log.gz logfille/journal.log.gz logfille/boot.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmtoolsd-root.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmsvc-root.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmtoolsd-redhat.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmusr-redhat.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmusr-root.log.gz logfille/dnf.log.gz logfille/dnf.rpm.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.7.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.1.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmtoolsd-user1.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.4.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.9.log.gz logfille/vmware-vmusr-user1.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.8.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.6.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.3.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.2.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.5.log.gz logfille/vmware-network.log.gz

12、将压缩包中的文件解压到/root/1og_backup目录下。

tar -xf all_log_backup.tar.gz -C /root/log_backup [root@localhost log_backup]# ls /root/log_backup/logfille anaconda.log.gz lorax-packages.log.gz tuned-ppd.log.gz vmware-network.9.log.gz audit.log.gz lvm.log.gz vmware-network.1.log.gz vmware-network.log.gz boot.log.gz packaging.log.gz vmware-network.2.log.gz vmware-vmsvc-root.log.gz dbus.log.gz program.log.gz vmware-network.3.log.gz vmware-vmtoolsd-redhat.log.gz dnf.librepo.log.gz rhsmcertd.log.gz vmware-network.4.log.gz vmware-vmtoolsd-root.log.gz dnf.log.gz rhsm.log.gz vmware-network.5.log.gz vmware-vmtoolsd-user1.log.gz dnf.rpm.log.gz sssd_kcm.log.gz vmware-network.6.log.gz vmware-vmusr-redhat.log.gz hawkey.log.gz storage.log.gz vmware-network.7.log.gz vmware-vmusr-root.log.gz journal.log.gz tuned.log.gz vmware-network.8.log.gz vmware-vmusr-user1.log.gz